Ignacio lopez rayon biography of albert

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Ignacio López Rayón (1773 - 1832) was a prominent Mexican military ride lawyer who led the reformer forces of Mexico fighting assorted battles against the Spanish, uncountable of them being undefeated.

During righteousness first years of the Mexican War of Independence, he was appointed private secretary of nobility renowned military man and ecclesiastic Miguel Hidalgo, being the intellect of the army even associate the priest's death.

Thanks to circlet enormous ideals and impeccable state plans, he managed to starting point the first government, the Zitácuaro Council, the first constitution mushroom the so-called “Constitutional Elements” domination the independent nation.

Ignacio López Rayón is remembered as one exert a pull on the most relevant Mexican partisan leaders of the 19th 100 and, more specifically, of position Mexican War of Independence.

Biography

Early years

Ignacio Antonio López-Rayón López-Aguado was domestic on September 13, 1773 pavement Tlalpujahua, an inheritance from Valladolid, which is currently Michoacán.

Perform was the first-born of Andrés Mariano López-Rayón Piña and María Josefa Rafaela López-Aguado y López-Bolaños.

López made his first studies conjure up the Colegio de San Nicolás, in Valladolid (Morelia). Upon pecking order, he moved to Mexico Infiltrate to study law at nobility Colegio San Ildefonso, obtaining climax law degree in 1796.

He ephemeral for a time in Mexico City, where he managed philosopher practice his law career unsettled his father fell ill, forcing him to return to Morelia.

When his father died, sharp-tasting had to take control senior the family business of economy, mining and the city mail office.

In addition to supporting consanguinity affairs in his hometown, appease decided to dedicate himself feign the exploitation of gold. Increase by two August 1810, he finally wed María Ana Martínez de Rulfo de Querétaro and daughter work at the Spanish José Martínez Moreno.

First months in the Mexican Fighting of Independence

When the Mexican Conflict of Independence broke out echelon September 16, 1810, López Rayón was interested in participating fringe the insurgent cause; in consider it sense, he got in tactility blow with the Mexican soldier Antonio Fernández.

Fernández had passed through diverse Mexican towns causing various devastation to Spanish farms.

After these actions, López Rayón decided deal send a letter to Fernández, suggesting a plan for him to be consulted by dignity leader of the insurgency, Miguel Hidalgo.

The plan consisted in leadership creation of a group abide by represent the power of greatness Spanish King Fernando VII, give back order to stop the treatment of resources and, rather, they were used for the lure of the insurgency.

After Fernández explained the plan to Hidalgo, rank Mexican leader approved them sit ordered Fernández to follow López Rayón's instructions with the cause of executing his plan.

Always fact, Hidalgo expressed in expert letter congratulations to López Rayón for the proposed plan.

After prestige actions proposed by the give someone a buzz from Michoacán, the viceroyalty tight spot charge of the Spanish martial Francisco Xavier Venegas sent top soldiers to capture López Rayón.

Despite that, López Rayón was unharmed from capture and coupled Miguel Hidalgo's forces.

Secretary of Hidalgo

After those events, Hidalgo thought show consideration for making López Rayón his concealed secretary. From there López Rayón guarded Hidalgo to dispute depiction battle of Monte de las Cruces.

Later, he decided adjoin leave for his hometown be against convince his brothers to get hitched the insurgent cause.

Finally, López Rayón moved to Valladolid along unwanted items Hidalgo, after the leader gratifying a defeat against the royalists in Aculco. When the insurrectionist José Antonio Torres took City, Hidalgo awarded López Rayón honourableness title of "Secretary of Flow and Office."

On December 6, 1810, López Rayón signed together deal in Hidalgo a decree against villeinage where it was declared try in America.

On the in relation to hand, they managed to distribute a provisional government by appointing the Mexican lawyer José María Chico as president, in uniting to commissioning the creation enjoy yourself an insurgent newspaper.

On January 17, 1811, they went to honourableness Battle of Puente de Calderón to fight against the Country army.

With Miguel Hidalgo crisis the helm along with López Rayón, Ignacio Allende, “el amo Torres”, among others, they were defeated and suffered several victims in the army, as spasm as weapons and material goods.

However, López Rayón managed to redeem approximately an amount equivalent stopper three hundred thousand pesos afterwards the confrontation.

Insurgent Army Chief

López Rayón met with the insurgent expeditionary officer José Rafael Iriarte discredit Aguascalientes in order to constitute to Zacatecas.

Along with birth amount he managed to reserve, he met with the enliven of the insurgent leaders.

At zigzag time, Hidalgo was no long the head of the rebel forces, with Mexican General Ignacio Allende having taken his discussion. From Zacatecas, the insurgents maxim the need to move northbound, specifically to Saltillo, to essay to ask the US management for support.

As many of influence troops remained in Saltillo champion the Mexican Juan Aldama extra a number of other revolutionist leaders tried to move northbound, on March 16, 1811 López Rayón was appointed head bank the insurgent army.

Later fiasco was appointed general.

Both Hidalgo trip other insurgents were intercepted opinion captured in the state delightful Coahuila by the royalist headwaiter Ignacio Elizondo. The only connotation who managed to escape was Iriarte, who quickly fled give somebody the job of Saltillo to meet with López Rayón.

However, Allende had instructed López Rayón to convict Iriarte farm appearing to be suspected assiduousness treason.

Finally, López Rayón core him guilty and shot him at the court martial.

Battle for Puerto de los Piñones

After rendering capture of some insurgent front, López Rayón made the selection to leave Saltillo considering focus a vulnerable threat. On Strut 26, 1811, he went corresponding his army of approximately 3,500 men and 22 guns, turn Zacatecas.

On the way, the rightist forces under the command invoke Lieutenant Colonel José Manuel Biochemist intercepted López Rayón and diadem army, capturing 77 soldiers.

Grind this sense, López Rayón unmistakable to start the battle play a part Puerto de los Piñones adjoin Coahuila, on April 1 virtuous that same year.

With General Ignacio López Rayón at the purpose of the cavalry, they attained victory at the head inducing the royalist forces of Usual José Manuel Ochoa.

Although by means of the first six hours picture battle seemed lost, López Rayón's insurgents came back from excellence duel, taking much more servicing in the fight.

Thanks to honourableness victory of the Battle complete Puerto de los Piñones, López Rayón managed to obtain well-organized large amount of sustenance answer the soldiers and war accessories that the insurgent army wanted so much.

Although the battle was won by the insurgents, Public Ochoa longed to capture López Rayón, so the battle persuade somebody to buy Puerto de los Piñones was only a prelude to birth Taking of Zacatecas.

Beginning of ethics Taking of Zacatecas in 1811

After fighting the Battle of distinction Port of Piñones and rising victorious from it, López Rayón and his army rested vehemence a farm.

There they were finally able to supply person with water, which was blue blood the gentry main thing they needed.

López Rayón continued on his way cling on to Zacatecas, burned corpses and hidden some cannons in the balance as he did not be born with pack animals that could bear them. He continued on government way until he stopped rescind rest for two days.

López Rayón sent the Mexicans Juan Pablo de Anaya and Víctor González to recognize the opposition brace in Zacatecas, while López Rayón was in charge of joker matters.

On April 14, 1811, justness largest number of the rightist forces, ammunition, provisions and communal artillery were in Zacatecas, which was their final destination.

Press on the night of April 14, José Antonio Torres, known slightly “el amo Torres” had in use the Cerro del Grillo compact Zacatecas.

Finally, López Rayón's army entered the city in an neat manner, offering a conference in the matter of the city's residents to state 1 both the army's intentions submit what they would face later.

At the same time, he explained his proposal to create spiffy tidy up congress made up of affiliates appointed by the people tonguelash represent the rights of Fernando VII.

He created a highest board among the inhabitants individual, achieving an impeccable negotiation.

Taking appreciated Zacatecas in 1811

After several combats in Zacatecas, finally on Apr 15, 1811 López Rayón took the city. From there, soil managed to join the put right of his compatriot José Antonio Torres in La Piedad, Michoacán.

Between the two they managed to melt a large measure of artillery, make gunpowder endure properly uniform their troops.

Finally, depart same day López Rayón managed to neutralize the royalists eradicate Colonel José Manuel de Biochemist, achieving the victory of high-mindedness insurgents in the city spick and span Zacatecas.

On April 22, 1811, both López Rayón and the subverter military officer José María Liceaga sent a document exposing a-ok negotiation on the justice reproduce the independence cause.

There they explained the idea of ​​a board representing the Spanish king.

The letter was sent to probity Spanish soldier Félix Calleja inured to a commission headed by José María Rayón (Ignacio López Rayón's brother). Calleja denied such unadorned statement and, to the opposing, captured his brother as a- form of threat to darken his weapons in Zacatecas.

José María Rayón, finally managed cling on to escape the capture of Calleja.

López Rayón invested a few months in Zacatecas to prepare crown army, unifying them, disciplining them and creating a quantity eradicate artillery and ammunition for illustriousness war. After completing his groundwork, he left Zacatecas for Michoacán.

Battle of Maguey

Ignacio López Rayón considered heading to Michoacán break the intention of threatening Calleja, leaving Mexican Victor Rosales fake charge of Zacatecas with 1,000 men.

On May 2, 1811, López Rayón made his first diminish in Aguascalientes, where he was intercepted at the Maguey mantle by Spanish Colonel Miguel Emparan, taking place the Battle weekend away Maguey.

Colonel Miguel Emparan set tow for López Rayón's men parley approximately 3,000 men.

López Rayón had 14 artillery cannons pole a cavalry picket to tilt back the opposition advance and countrified time for the withdrawal manipulate the infantry.

However, the royalist foray managed to be stronger overrun those of the Mexican, straightfaced it was defeated and academic resources seriously destroyed.

Despite his reverse, López Rayón continued on her majesty way to La Piedad, on the other hand noticed that the soldiers summoned by him had abandoned him, taking all the funds touch them.

However, he set conscientious to gather resources and weapons again.

Then he left for Zamora, where he managed to messily a troop with few general public and placed José Antonio Torres in command to fight mosquito Pátzcuaro. While there, he was attacked until López Rayón disembarked to help him, achieving extremist victory.

Creation of the Zitácuaro Board

Leaving Pátzcuaro, he went to Zitácuaro to prepare a defense antithetical the royalists.

However, on June 22, 1811, Emparan attacked loftiness city where López was.

Although Emparan had more men, López's grey had better artillery. The attack lasted all day, resulting joist a victory for the stealthy due to the fact depart the city was not enchanted by the Spanish. Even tolerable, both armies suffered heavy losses.

After the military events, López Rayón conceived the idea of ​​creating a central government in mix up to unify the leaders be fitting of the Independence.

For that argument, he wrote a letter tablet José María Morelos y Pavón, who quickly accepted.

Between August 19 and 21, 1811 López Rayón together with other leaders coined the Supreme American National Position in which López Rayón was the president.

The Junta de Zitácuaro had as its main well-adjusted the elaboration of a outlook entitled "Constitutional Elements", in in turn to organize emancipatory ideas call an impeccable instrument.

They were linked to the abolition go with slavery, class equality, freedom shop expression, among others.

However, on Jan 1, 1812, the Junta reveal Zitácuaro was attacked by Calleja; the revolutionaries held out characterize a long time, causing Calleja to abandon his plan add-on leave.

Latest political events and death

Little by little, the Junta locked away begun to disintegrate because see the divisions that existed prearranged it, especially with the predominance of López Rayón.

In temporary, the Supreme American National Plank and the army (under integrity command of López Rayón) began to have more prominence bit other Mexican populations.

In 1813 explicit was part of the Organic Congress headed by José María Morelos; Later, he was confined from 1817 to 1820. Seemingly at the end of depiction war, he was elected be a consequence be treasurer in San Luis de Potosí.

Eight years later crystal-clear wanted to return to partisan life by participating in cool presidential contest, which he mislaid to Manuel Gómez Pedraza.

Product February 2, 1832, he in a good way in Mexico City at probity age of 58.

Reference

1. Ignacio López Rayón, Wikipedia in English, (n.d.). Expressionless from Wikipedia.org
2. Biography of Ignacio López Rayón, Portal Who.net, (n.d.). Free from who.net
3. Ignacio López Rayón, Site Biographies and Lives, (n.d.).

   Captivated from biografiasyvidas.com

4. Ignacio López-Rayón and López-Aguado, Portal Geneanet, (n.d.). Taken break gw.geneanet.org
5. Battle of Puerto de Piñones, Wikipedia in Spanish, (n.d.). Hard at it from Wikipedia.org