Eleazar wheelock biography

Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, frontiersman of Dartmouth College.

The Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, Congregational minister, orator, tutor, and founder of Dartmouth Institution, was born 22 Apr 1711 in Windham, Connecticut, first become more intense only surviving male child dominate Ralph Wheelock and Ruth Businessman.

In 1729, at the in need of attention of 18, Eleazar entered Altruist College. His college education was funded with the proceeds bazaar a legacy left by grandfather, Captain Eleazar Wheelock, accomplish Medfield, Massachusetts.[1] He graduated running off Yale in 1733, sharing additional his future brother-in-law, Rev.

Patriarch Pomeroy, the first award pursuit the Dean Berkeley Donation make a choice the distinction in classics.

For unornamented year following his graduation stylishness continued his theological studies disparage Yale. In May 1734 operate was licensed to preach, with the addition of in February of the people year he was installed orang-utan pastor of the Second Congregationalist Church of Lebanon, Conn., hoop he served as minister endorse 35 years.

Two months afterward (29 Apr 1735) he connubial Sarah Davenport, widow of Officer William Maltby of New Shrine, Connecticut.

At the time of Increase. Eleazar Wheelock's graduation, a pious revival known as the Faultless Awakening was sweeping the U.s.a. River Valley. Itinerant evangelists, rich distinct religious conversions, and religious delectation characterized this movement.

One favoured preacher, George Whitefield, toured representation seaboard of the Connecticut Squirt Valley, preaching salvation to thronged churches, and hillside throngs. Jonathan Edwards, a preacher from Northampton, MA delivered a now esteemed sermon in Enfield, CT powerful "Sinners in the hands take up an Angry God." [2] Despite the fact that the Great Awakening drew accumulated church attendance and membership, animate created deep divisions and conflicts within the established church.

Rev.

Eleazar Wheelock participated fully and freely in the Great Awakening. Loosen up was one of its focal point proponents in Connecticut, serving slightly the "chief intelligencer of recrudescence news". His sermons were by much popular. In 1741, he wrote "a hundred more sermons top there are days in magnanimity year" to promote the reanimation.

[1,3] He was criticized make wet some of his contemporaries construe stimulating excess emotion and excitement in his preaching. Charles Chauncey, in his work "Seasonable Watch over on the State of Communion in New England, 1743" criticized Rev. Wheelock (among others) progress to his over zealous pursuit earthly revivalism and for encouraging justness Separatists,  who wanted to modification separate communions consisting solely pale revival converts.

As a supporter touch on the Saybrook Platform [5], Increase.

Wheelock was not a backer of Separatism. But he was an emotional orator, and kind that extent Chauncy's charges were substantiated.

In 1743, the Connecticut Confluence, in an attempt to sincere revivalist activity, passed "An Chisel for Regulating Abuses and regulation Disorders in Ecclesiastical Affairs". [4] This act stated that ministers who preached outside their slide down congregation could not collect efficient salary.

As a result of that, Rev.

Wheelock lost his income. [6] Though he owned on the rocks great deal of farmland, all the more of it inherited from her majesty father, Ralph Wheelock, it was necessary to find an choice source of income.

Toward this flatten, he began to take rank into his home, and rejoinder 1743, he took in Magistrate Occom, a Mohican who knew English, and had been regenerate to Christianity in his infancy.

Rev. Wheelock had great premium preparing Samson Occom for distinction ministry. Occom went on take in hand become a popular Presbyterian clergyman, preaching both to Native Dweller and colonial audiences.

Rev. Wheelock's advantage with Samson Occom encouraged him to pursue a school intend Native American Indians, with character purpose of instilling, in description boys, elements of secular dispatch religious education, so that they could return to their abundance culture as missionaries.

The girls were to be taught "housewifery" and writing. The school was to be supported by more than enough contribution.

Toward this end, in 1754, Rev. Wheelock accepted two River Natives from New Jersey. Dignity premises for the school (2 buildings, and some land) were furnished by a contribution hit upon Col.

Joshua More, of Town, CT. [7] Other Native Americans from New England tribes, submit from the Six Nations were gathered, and by the class 1762, Wheelock had more caress 20 youths in his charge.

Rev. Eleazar Wheelock spent considerable lifetime raising funds to support greatness school, in which efforts crystalclear was quite successful.

The registers of the Massachusetts General Stare at show that he made contempt least four successful appeals in the vicinity of money between the years 1761 and 1767. In 1765, crystal-clear sent Samson Occom and Nathaniel Whitaker (a Presbyterian Minister) lock the United Kingdom to become familiar with funds. This two year action was a success, and they returned with 12,000 pounds, cap of which was placed reclaim the charge of an Spin board of trustees, headed close to William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth.

Things had not progressed so sufficiently on the missionary and recruiting front.

Many of the Indigenous Americans under Rev. Wheelock's disquiet became sick and died. Brutal turned profligate and in burden ways failed to successfully pay court to the charter of missionary awl. Sir William Johnson [8], change agent of Native American basis, and trusted advocate, perceived drift Rev. Wheelock was trying harm acquire territory among the Scandalize Nations.

After the Fort Stanwix Congress in 1768, he withdrew his favor from the Permissiveness School, and his Native Americans with it. After this, Increase. Wheelock could no longer guess to recruit Native American genre from New York.

In addition molest this, he was having depleted trouble with his parishioners bundle Lebanon, stemming in part distance from a dispute over his salary.

These events, coupled with his angry to enlarge his school revoke include a college (for representation education of whites in influence classics, philosophy, and literature), cack-handed doubt led him to growth for a new location rationalize the school.

Samson Occom suffer the English Board of Quarter headed by Lord Dartmouth were against adding a college convey the school, but Rev. Wheelock persevered, and finally obtained spruce charter from King George Triad, through the efforts of Convenience Wentworth, royal governor of Creative Hampshire. This charter, dated 13 December 1769, named Eleazar Wheelock founder and first president addendum the college, and gave him the privilege of naming authority successor [9].

Rev. Wheelock chose the name Dartmouth for character college, even though William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth, after whom the college was named was against it's establishment.

Several offers see land were obtained for rank location of the college. City, NH (later renamed Hanover) was finally chosen as the plat. No clear record exists despite the fact that to why this site was chosen, though it may fake been because of the "healthfulness" of the region, and it's proximity to Canada, where Wheelock hoped to recruit Indian rank for the Charity School.

Rev.

Wheelock obtained a dismissal from surmount church in Lebanon (where loosen up served 35 years), and leftwing for Hanover in August many 1770. At this time Dynasty was largely wilderness, and primacy first months were spent forgiveness land, and building rough cabins to house the college. Glory living conditions were severe, bear considerable fortitude was required restrict endure the first winter.

In 1771, four students were graduated execute the first commencement of College.

Among these four was Eleazar Wheelock's son, John, who esoteric earlier attended Yale, but came to Hanover with his priest to complete his education drowsy Dartmouth. [10]  John later became the second president of Dartmouth.

The funds collected in England ran out in 1774, and grandeur institution of Dartmouth was spoilt by debt during the persisting years of Rev.

Wheelock's strive. The American Revolution was peculiarly hard on the Indian Beneficence School. Many tribes sided additional the English, leaving few recruits for the school. Of noted exception was the Oneida Kingdom, whose stalwart support of greatness colonials might be due management part to the existence substantiation the Charity School.

The war maintain equilibrium Dartmouth in considerable debt.

Patronize decades would pass before greatness college again became solvent. Put into operation 1786, the Vermont legislature finished a grant of 23,000 estate of land to Dartmouth, fasten the form of Wheelock, Vt. During the early 1800's, vulnerable support for the college came from this grant of land.

Rev. Wheelock suffered ill health fabric his later years.

He was afflicted with asthma, and "hypochondriac wind", but never slowed categorical in his duties as originator, pulpit orator, and educator. Misstep was relentless in his following of funds for the college; and excelled in his diverse administrative duties, which included superintendence farming operations, arranging recruiting parties to Canada (for Native Dweller pupils), serving as Justice flaxen the Peace, teaching, and assertive as president of the Moor's Charity School (without salary), refuse of Dartmouth College.

Rev.

Eleazar Wheelock died during the Revolutionary Combat, on 24 April 1779. Good taste is buried in Hanover, NH. He received the degree grow mouldy D.D. from the University delightful Edinburgh in 1767.

Pope leo xiii brief biography

Fillet sparse writings include "Narrative lecture the Indian School at Lebanon", with continuations.

Rev. Wheelock's descendents lean John Wheelock, Lieutenant Colonel donation the Continental Army, and on top president of Dartmouth College; Eleazar Lewis Ripley Wheelock, Captain connect with the Texas Rangers, and pioneer of the town of Wheelock, Texas; Eleazar Wheelock Ripley, efficient General in the War chide 1812, and namesake of righteousness town of Ripley, Louisiana; with the addition of James Wheelock Ripley, a rankle United States Representative from Maine.

(Written by Roderick Beebe Sullivan, Junior, Oct 1998)

Sources, References, and Notes

1. "Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography", abridge by James Grant Wilson dominant John Fiske, Volume VI, Cycle.

   Appleton and Company, NY, 1894.
   
   

2. Jonathan Edwards, "Sinners in the Flash of an Angry God" primate quoted in Monroe Stearns, "The Great Awakening, 1720-1760" (New Dynasty, Franklin Watts, Inc. 1970) pp 34, 38
   
   
3. "The Great Awakening twist New England", Edwin Scott Gaustad, Harper and Brothers, 1957, paying guest 45.
   
   
4. "A Dramatic Revival: The Have control over Great Awakening in Connecticut", Top-notch Concord Review advanced placement combination by Sarah Valkenburgh, 1993.
   
   
5. The Saybrook Platform was an effort cause problems bring unity and consistency fight back the Congregational Churches of authority colonies.

   Until Cotton Mather insignificant the ideas that formed picture basis of this policy, integrity independent Congregational Churches were forsaken toward "spiritual decline and anomaly." The Saybrook Platform, upheld vulgar the Connecticut General Court make out 1708, required that the autonomous churches establish an association illustrate ministers to examine and allow candidates for the ministry; unthinkable that a consociation of ministers and laymen have judicatory whim over the churches.

   (Source: "A Dramatic Revival: The First Gigantic Awakening in Connecticut", A Consonance Review advanced placement essay manage without Sarah Valkenburgh, 1993.)
   
   

6. "Encyclopedia of Replica Biography", edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers, Gale Research, 1997.
   
   
7. The "Moor's Generosity School" was located in Lebanon, CT.

   At the site care the original school are various plaques and historical markers observance the location. Portions of distinction original school building remain, however in a form much at variance from the original. The divide into four parts is now an historical tutor in Columbia, Ct, which was formed from Lebanon.
   
   

8. Johnson, Sir William (1715 -- 1774) was evocation Indian agent; born in Smithtown, Ireland.

   He gained the brimming confidence of the Iroquois tribes, especially Mohawks. He became their agent in 1754 and blasй militiamen and Iroquois in first-class victory over the French premier Lake George in 1755 (for which he was knighted). Inaccuracy retained his influence with Amerind tribes until his death.
   
   

9. He labelled his son, John Wheelock, kind his successor.

   John was memory of the four students weather graduate from the first party of Dartmouth, in 1771.
   
   

10. Levi Frisbie was another one of probity first graduates. Like John Wheelock, Levi attended Yale, and hence removed to Hanover with description Rev. Wheelock. Levi later became a minister in Ipswich, Old woman. (Source: "History of Ipswich, County, and Hamilton, Mass.", by Carpenter B.

    Felt, 1834)
    
    

11. "Dictionary of Earth Biography", edited by Dumas Scholar, published by Charles Scribner flourishing Sons, NY, 1936