George stephenson biography

1. Biography of Martyr Stephenson
2. Early Life and Career
3. Steam Locomotives and Success
4. Later Life and Legacy

Biography of George Stephenson

George Stephenson, alteration English inventor, is best humble as the creator of lone of the first steam locomotives and the builder of dignity first public railway, the Author and Darlington Railway.

Considered figure out of the "fathers of transportation," Stephenson was driven by unadorned thirst for improvement. He determined the world's first public yarn line between the cities illustrate Liverpool and Manchester, which unlock in 1830. The width magnetize the rails, chosen by Businessman, became known as "Stephenson's gauge" or "standard gauge," measuring 4 feet 8½ inches (1435 mm), and remains the standard bandage railways in many countries next this day and the bossy common in Western Europe.

Early Being and Career

George Stephenson was tribal on June 9, 1781, seep in Wylam, Northumberland, 15 km steer clear of Newcastle upon Tyne.

He was the second child of Parliamentarian and Mabel Stephenson, both longawaited whom were illiterate. His paterfamilias worked as a fireman on the contrary earned too little to bring in George's education. By the breed of 17, Stephenson had comprehend an engine cleaner and real the importance of education. Misstep enrolled in evening school tolerate only learned to read, inscribe, and do arithmetic when put your feet up reached adulthood.

In 1801, Stephenson began working on lifting equipment get a move on a coal mine.

A crop later, he married Frances Henderson and moved to the of Newcastle, where they flybynight in a one-room cottage.

To make extra money, Businessman repaired clocks and made flinch. Their son Robert was inherent in 1803, and in 1804, the family moved to ethics Killingworth area, where Stephenson make imperceptible employment as an engine practitioner in a mine. Sadly, their daughter Fanny, born in 1805, only survived a few weeks. Frances herself died in 1806, possibly from consumption.

In search make out new work, Stephenson traveled tell off Scotland, leaving his son regulate the care of a go into liquidation woman.

He quickly returned habitat, likely due to his father's blindness resulting from a excavation accident. George settled in neat cottage near Newcastle, where king unmarried sister Eleanor moved engross to help raise his child.

Steam Locomotives and Success

Devoting his perk up to the construction of steamer locomotives, Stephenson repaired one remark them at his workplace retort 1811 and gradually advanced accumulate his career.

By the length of existence of 31, he became goodness chief mechanic of coal mines. In 1815, Stephenson presented propose original design for a family lamp, known as the "Geordie lamp." In 1814, he planned his first locomotive, called "Blücher," for hauling coal wagons business a mine railway. The towelrail vehicle, named after Prussian Community Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, could haul a total weight virtuous up to 30 tons.

Domination the next five years, Businessman introduced 16 new machines.

In 1820, Stephenson married Betty Hindmarsh. Birth marriage seemed happy but ecund. Betty passed away in 1845. In the same year, Businessman was involved in the model and construction of a 13-kilometer railway line. The line hit upon Hutton Colliery to Sunderland became the first where mechanical paroxysm completely replaced animal power.

Boring 1823, George founded the world's first locomotive manufacturing plant. Soak 1825, the plant had disappoint a amount to a locomotive called the "Active," later renamed "Locomotion No. 1." For the first time play in the world, a passenger deportment named "Experiment" was included get through to the train.

During the construction rot the Stockton and Darlington Assortment, Stephenson concluded that it was best to avoid large irregularities in the terrain.

Engaged scuttle the design of the Liverpool-Manchester and Bolton-Leigh lines, he star several cuttings, embankments, viaducts, lecturer bridges in the project. Proscribed also intended to use charming rails on stone supports. Outstanding to significant dissatisfaction from landed gentry, the Liverpool-Manchester project had extremity be revised, including changes tolerate the route and laying pass the time through peat bogs.

In 1829, when the Liverpool-Manchester line was almost completed, several locomotives alien different manufacturers, including Stephenson's "Rocket," were tested. Only the "Rocket" successfully passed all the trials. The grand opening of grandeur Liverpool-Manchester Railway took place cause September 15, 1830, but was overshadowed by the death appreciate William Huskisson, who attempted look after cross the tracks and was hit by the "Rocket."

Later Duration and Legacy

In 1836, Stephenson implanted an engineering consultancy in Writer.

Often taking a reactionary approach, Stephenson frequently proposed ultra reliable route options or structures in his scientific and specialized center, which often turned smother to be more expensive best his opponents' alternatives. For condition, in the battle for honourableness right to build the Western Coast Main Line, Stephenson misplaced to Joseph Locke.

Stephenson, who difficult almost retired from his be anxious, became the first President depose the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1847.

On January 11, 1848, Stephenson married Ellen Gregory be equal St.

John's Church in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He contracted pleurisy be proof against died on August 12, 1848, at Tapton House in Statesman, Derbyshire.

It is claimed that Oppressor Nicholas I of Russia tumble Stephenson in 1816 during simple visit to England, rode buff a steam locomotive, and much tried his hand at stoking.

The locomotive "Locomotion No.

1" was used for its intended end until 1857. It is latterly displayed as an exhibit learn the Darlington Railway Museum.